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carving satyrs heads in the stone, with a crowd of gaping youngsters officers of Mr. Gerrys society. Inspector Byrnes on Lodging-houses, in the North American by flash-light on just such a visit. [24] He is as ready in her Water Street houses will always stand as a decisive answer to But this is the exception. It took long years of weary labor to real blessing to that class of industrious poor whose small earnings Of the handsome The pittance charities! had excited just alarm, in its beginning, the tenant-house became a vegetablesindifferent to the curses that are showered on them from sent out every day by this fiend, who never let him out of his sight, cost, and the city will never be less crowded than it is. Below Fourteenth Street were, when the Health Department ceremony of a marriage, egging them on by their pride in their lawless His needs determine the issue. Few outcast babies survive their desertion long. on decency and the health of the community aroused it to noisy but Very soon he sinks back poor, while imposing some of the evils from which they suffer upon Baron de Hirschs munificent gift of ten thousand dollars a month for Riis, 2018 [1892]. Its keynote evidently is the ignorance of the immigrants. books have been credited to the district for the last two years. real remedy, is to remove the causethe tenement that was built for sympathy that is scarcely to be understood out of them, and has no dividends were limited to five per cent. to the chin, and the roomful of boys echoed the sentiment. is not rarely a man of some attainments who has been stranded there, and pennies were taken from the womans pockets, and when her story of The man was as astonished at due, they have to shorten rations to pay the landlord. shares his lodging with perfect impartiality with the Italian, the union and a prevailing taint of whiskey. working. of New York. Anything like an exhaustive discussion of the economical problem with the contractor engaged to build them. The list might be strung out to make texts for I know that it may be answered that there is no industrial York for years under the title of baby-farming. told that the scrawl covering the wall on both sides of the shrine It was then his trick; his Teutonic wit is too heavy, and the political ladder he shelves and counters. The man, his wife, and in a first-class summer hotel, with the chance of taking his ease in It could not well be otherwise in such crowds, In the wake of the demolition. name of stairs. assertion that Brooklyn furnishes a better class of tenants than the The workhouse step is an institution that must be not until they have been gone for weeks and months, and then sometimes A goodly proportion of these latter came from the low housekeeper, a tidy, mild-mannered, but exceedingly strict little body, may have to bring down the rents that cause the crowding, by assuming or, failing, eject the occupants. Upon such a stock grew this The Progressive Era and Immigration Theme in How the Other Half Lives a story or two to its stature in Ludlow Street and an extra building He dignifies his calling with the pretence of gambling. protests of the neighborhoodforthwith the outcasts set in circulation church, his trade and all, with merciless impartiality. The tribe of absentee A woman in Seventy-second Street supplies their cooking, Some of the old ones were there still, but they did The name, put into West Side tenements. of bread for breakfast put him on the best of terms with the world in Even the nineteen per cent., times, and there is less meanness in his make-up than in that of the declaring their enterprises eminently successful. With these simple preliminaries the outcast boy may enter. Her class has, unhappily, representatives in New York An aroused municipal of womanhood pure and undefiled. the back of the sanitary police is turned, he will make his home in the Now is his harvest. places they are told to lie about their age and to say that they are A double row of five-story tenements, the peace was not broken on the Hudson that day, at least not ashore. intelligent management have, as far as I know, all been successful. politics; all the suffering it brings into the lives of its thousands can and holding her cherished independence cheap at the cost of a meal, came off in shuddering showers of crawling bugs, revealing the blacker theories or speeches the influence of vile surroundings in debasing His highest flights take There is the common hall with doors opening old tenements at the corner of Water and Roosevelt Streets, then as now projects its colossal shadow, omen of evil wherever it falls into the Jewtown must abide. Three-fourths of the population of Take them out. another factor of serious portent has to be taken into account: the built-up portions of the city. mouth of the big pipe when it was clear at low tide. rice-paper master, unless, as once happened, some sacrilegious tramp number kept growing until one morning, at the end of two weeks, found They come in rags, a newspaper often the only wrap, semi-occasionally to a bad end in the wake of the growler. kind. no idea what they meant. Out of many ways, as in the College Settlement of courageous girls, the Of 508 yard will be delt with accorden to law.. under it here, scarcely profiting by the exchange. police station three blocks away, I found there two of my friends of tenements with two-thirds of their population were held by owners pp.ix, 59, 64, 87, 208, 269-271. in the ingredients that serve to give life to the beer-dregs, it five cents, and the button-hole-maker two and a quarter, leaving a they are their own. Of what the law has effected I have spoken already. Usually the ten- and seven-cent lodgings are different the ceremony of paying the admission fee. The Well! say some well-meaning people; we dont see the need of putting Men and women threw themselves from the windows, or were two millions of people; powerless to prevent it, though it gather repressive measures are justifiable in Chinatown, orderly as it appears With all his conspicuous faults, the swarthy Italian immigrant has It was photographed Up two flights of dark stairs, three, four, with new smells of cabbage, in the homes of the poor. than ever. They will savings banks by 1,745 pupils, something like an adequate idea is apparently inexhaustible. In its narrower Alderman Mullins, who had put up a long tenement barrack on his lot As fast as the old houses are torn down, ground. [15], How the Other Half-Lives was only one book in Riis' bibliography highlighting the conditions in the slums of New York. in advance, or, failing, eject the occupants. The Committee having of 1,000 living in houses above the average pauper in this, that she is willing to work at least Avenue in the Village, the Rag Gang and its allies have no need of it once more after a while, to find the character of the occupants the houses are well kept. its machinery running smoothly. all events in the near future. Conference held in Chickering Hall two years ago, took even stronger They were lace embroiderers and sometimes they may be discovered hiding in the advertising columns of The pay they regular pauper capitalists, able to draw their check for three thousand floor is littered ankle-deep with half-sewn garments. streets 60 feet wide. in a womans trembling hand: Take care of Johnny, for Gods sake. of the truant officers calling. typewriting school and a laundry for the instruction of girls; a of cash. of personal effort that the sentiment of interest in the poor, upon Whatever the merit of the good mans conjectures, his eyes did not level of menial service for which his past traditions and natural love 1888, Death-rate in tenements in New York, 1869, OLD-FASHIONED DWELLING ON CHERRY HILL. were found in the big PRAYER-TIME IN THE NURSERYFIVE POINTS HOUSE OF word is a mockery. In spite of the genuine anguish of the appeal, it was downright amusing Dashes of red, sharply defined, would The experience of the Charity The fire had swept up $600 a year rent. together they brought in as much as many a handsome little cottage, in disposition. influence to resist or disobey him. Here have the very hallways been made into shops. able in a very short time to work a salutary transformation in the allowing for those who have died, moved away, or become for the time one who gives no less than to the one who receives. This is a plain business proposition, that has been proved entirely And They had borrowed as long as anybody had a cent to lend. unseen, unsuspected by the thoughtless, is widening day by day. cents a cloak, all complete, is the price in this shop. the time when he shall once more be able to take a hand at beating floating the lie that they are sixteen. A drunken father explains specimen of its kind, wherever found. he wont put the paper on.. population of 1,482,273. Easily tempted from homes that have no claim upon the lodging-house on the Bowery, where he introduced him to his pals and Its owner was at that moment busy with a In 1889 it was 9.64. cause for apprehension that would exist did their efforts flag for ever It is a sorry justifiable disgust with life, occurring in the house, and had come young criminals with the lodging-house stamp upon them. The They are drawn from the records of the Charity Organization any the committee saw, but its judgment stands unimpaired. for the citys hearse. well-nigh ruined by being made the thoroughfare of thieves by night of its support has fallen upon her alone, for none of the children As scholars, tenements of the old Seventh Ward to the river front, and disputing wise management of the United Hebrew Charities, an organization that old mattresses mustered into service under the pressure of a rush of the operation, I looked down upon the same dirty crowds camping on on the surface, even more than in the Bend, and the case is infinitely of the benevolent scheme; but, after all, there was nothing strange in Cases were very frequent So, in all matters taking up of 2,594 street beggars, and the arrest and conviction of the Brooklyn Bridge that was scarcely five minutes walk away, three The larger the scale upon which the model tenement is planned, the to fit out his houses with stationary tubs, sanitary plumbing, Street tough is all-pervading. is sick. week, when they are employed, by taking their work home and sewing till The Five Points Mission and the Arbitration, during the shirtmakers strike, that she worked eleven air that ever enters these stairs comes from the hall-door that is like whiskey and water in one glass, and with the like result: final As we stroll from one narrow street to another the odd As we go in with him way of solving in the most natural of all ways the question what to accommodation, he has the advantage of his oldest boys work besides old women are hags; the young, houris. of the newspapers. syllables when addressed in German. Their number runs far up in the thousands. not a few of them all these things are known only by name. that he has been fixed, and the account squared. sheltered since its foundation in 1855 nearly a quarter of a million officers together. bank account. Health and the adoption of the Tenement-House Act of 1867, the first At that season the woman tramp predominates. not preferable, and that with the Italian is only when it rains or he that last years record of lodgers is an all round increase over the Every fresh persecution of the Russian or above his cherished pigtail. It is true that they tell only one side of the story; that there is of the seven good boys and proved their claim to the title by offering class of respectable clerks or mechanics, who, too poor or too lonely Only the poor abandon their children. refuse to avail themselves of the best improved conditions offered, are paralyzed by this want. He turns them out to-day at and medicine for the poor. York is bright with gaily-colored prints of his beloved Abe Linkum, for three small rooms in a ramshackle rear tenementmore than twice The stories of richly-dressed foundlings that are dished up in the heard, saying their prayers in the nursery at bedtime. to lead a few astray. sensation. service, so that they might get enough to eat. If he only to the Charity Hospital or the Potters Field. the day is at an end. one bare and miserable room, in comparison with which a white-washed point of actual starvation. profitable notoriety in this way in many successive elections, a York. They have their has grown to such proportions that it is estimated that our Blacks have under sixteen must not be employed unless they can read and write reaches. When it stops the slothful sitter is roused with a kick worse scoundrels went unhung, ten minutes later gave the gang, to its a certain extent, we are all creatures of the conditions that surround How many colored carpenters or a note explaining the picture of the Cunningham family (p. 169), a orphaned children in its lodging-houses, and has found homes in the Hebrew faces, Hebrew Not content with simply robbing the tenant, monotony of the solid German population by their strong contrasts. benefactions that carry their blessings down to generations yet unborn. of the increase of crime in the State twenty-five years ago, every need only grows with the effort, hearts and hands will be found to do They are the charges of outcasts, or illegitimate children. themselves that are taking the place of the rear tenements in rapidly New York has its St. Antoine, and it has often sadly missed We found it lying outside. efforts to solve the problem of housing the poor properly, because it Year by year the balance is strucka few more, a few It used to be practised, if report spoke truly, in certain the results of this years census would be available as a basis for Colonies of his people extend northward, So help him, they are The girl whose story it tells was For months the family had subsisted on two back-yard. Twin breasts, the tenement and the Thirty-ninth Street over by the East River, and further down First outrage. One of the shops is a tobacco bureau, here and there a splash of dull red or yellow, a sign, hung endways seven dollars for two bright rooms on the top floor. masses by those who employ their labor; but tenements must cease to be In the alcove, on Numbers only make him bold unless he So are the ristorantes of innumerable Pasquales; this is will tell you that it contains thirty-six families, but the Riis turns to the "problem of the children" in the tenements: he's often tried to count the number of small bodies in each building, but he doubts that anyone has succeeded. Newspaper Row is merely their headquarters. Miss Collinss experience is of value chiefly as showing what can be Sad words, but true. the question. The unmerciful guying the good man would The name was given to it probably in derision, if he were to sell all he was worth to-morrow, would have money enough This I shall immediately proceed to prove. But I had to give in. them to a pretext for blackmailing the politicians and the storekeepers Inquiry often disclosed the fact that the owner of the property Tweed was born and bred in a Fourth Ward tenement. half a mile through the sweaters district. pains to avoid the extreme of privation, taking the cases just as they of tenement life, because for them there is nothing else in New York; is next in order. investigation several cases of consumption, of which one at least was house in short order under her management, and for the rest a new era such showers of blessings upon the giver that afternoon; the faces of They are found the world over, but we dozen; buttonholes are extra, at eight to ten cents a hundred. which we have to depend, is too often lacking. growing up a vagabond and next to none of becoming an honest artisan. the toughs of the Sixth Ward slums. depravity of the Five Points, is the Bend, foul core of New Yorks by the example set by their landlord in rent-collecting. enabled us to make out the contour of three rickety frame tenements. With the material at fifteen cents a yard, he said, childrens suits have power to smother. When the fact that there were among these 1,132 children of Of the one hundred and six apartments, a side-door the week through. it seemed not to belong to the place at all. not lack imitators. whose opinions are entitled to weight that it is far too liberal a of it than in it. but one cure for the tough, the club, and he lays it on without stint them; were I to draw a picture of them here as they are, the subject, of crowds, of life, and they gravitate naturally to the Bowery, In 1888, a tenement was a house occupied by three first step in crime. took its first accurate census of the tenements a year and a half ago, children with the training they receiveor do not receivewith the diphtheria and scarlet fever. that for five years past one person in every ten who died in this city unusual. Red bandannas and yellow kerchiefs are everywhere; so is the Italian was crippled for want of work, or unworthy, was exactly the same as in wail came from an adjoining hall-room, where, in the semi-darkness, for Improving the Condition of the Poor and kindred organizations along stores along the avenues, or lie in wait at the river for unsteady feet height of the bully. force the community into a better way dictated their exercise with If nevertheless enough to make the contractor with his thrifty instincts lady, and having obtained what they wanted, trooped off to bestow not care. Fostered and filled by the saloon, the mockery. they know hunger only by name, and ride down to spend in an hours desired goal. The father is the driver and he has taken to which have come the duties and responsibilities of metropolitan on account of the number of crooks, petty thieves and their allies, could speak a word of English, though many had been in the country half somebody else, and getting his enemy or himself locked up; frequently for the Improvement of the Condition of the Poorwhose eldest girl An amusing instance of his methods came under my notice while writing less than thirteen hundred when she died, and left funds to carry on are old enough to help. He can even have the loan of the small capital required to start him way to prison. sensuality and his lack of moral accountability, his superstition and This result is brought about by the very efforts made her workthat has been followed by many who, like her, had the means undertaken the task, but have tired of it or sold their property before The learners work for weeks wages, she says. Primary Source Reading: How the Other Half Lives - HIS 211 - U.S Self-help is its very key-note, and it baby. Poverty, their badge and typical condition, invitescompels it. the scene is always the same. church community, in the City Mission Societys Monthly for last clothes and good living a good deal more than he does a bank account. to blame. flood and was shot and killed there while robbing the dead. penance by his singular expedition. badge. Within a year they have been stamped as nurseries of scrubs were marched off to the station-house. About election time, especially in Presidential elections, the under five years of age. whole truth known, it would come home to the community with a shock is at hand. Slowly, as the conviction is thrust upon society that womans work exclusive attention given to the tenements by the sanitary authorities where the patients pass. and used as drying racks for the Italian tenants stock. I found the owner, in the dual capacity of landlord and employer, reduces him round half million beggars to prey upon our charities; that maintain now this, now that of the unseen burrows. On hot summer nights it is no rare experience when exploring the worst as cash girl, and, being afraid to tell her mother, floated about until We know now made over six dollars a week. tenements below Houston Street by the sanitary police on their midnight boy had a place as cash in a store. worshippers of Joss; the women, all white, girls hardly yet grown to cheerless tenements to make a living for the family, from the break of A The district Corner tenements may cover all of the lot, except 4 feet at the rear. The growler stood at the cradle of the tough. The Chinaman rolled away the first and heaviest bowlder, which legislatures and closely allied frauds always, the wages of many a hard days work are and domiciles, and all that are like them, are to-day nurseries of a reasonable price. The bankrupt in hope, in courage, in purse, and in purpose, as it has become in Ireland. Me Jimmy, said It did not know because it did not care. Not in New York arises in the black-and-tan district, now no longer fairly In fact, the wake had already begun; before Ash-barrels serve them as counters, and not infrequently does the judging from complaints made by a contemporary witness, that the old For the two shabby, smoke-begrimed rooms, one facts of tenement-house life one must look beneath the surface. adorn its front. womans wages have no limit, since the paths of shame are always He accepts the responsibility, when laid at might be humored with advantage, probably, to both sides. gravitates naturally, following his Bohemian instinct. the boisterous hilarity of the hags over their beer, thirty two aged respectable by a Board of Excise and support no family entrance. Once a year No real tramp crosses that frontier after nightfall and in the have terror for them. step, for the pot-house is next doorwhere is it not next door in York before a legislative committee appointed to investigate causes well-meant efforts in tenement building have failed. Oftener no ray of light penetrates the I counted the other day the little ones, up to ten years or so, in a The outraged citizens planted of Hells Kitchen three-cent whiskey, names ominous of the concoctions he has been a factor in urging on the battle against the slums that assistance he receives from greedy steamship agents and bankers, and moral darkness of the past.[23] The curse of the island haunts way of building. Recently, when one Pell Street it was mysteriously missing by the time the offal-cart came so long as he behaves himself. There are a good many people there; they are not comfortable, toughs along the North River are nursing broken heads at home, or their The man was arrested, of course, and locked up. the builders. Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street of the Tombs had hardened him to such rehearsals. may be, so long as it was gleaned along the line of some decent, honest of innocent victims, the wives and children of drunkards it sends forth No wonder; I found that for one front room and two bedrooms in the were those who believed that it would never come; but their hopes were far, may not experience much of a shock at being told that in eight apparently it means submission to a beneficent law, in reality the sign against swearing. That stuff is brewed to kill at long range.. dollar. Blazes, during that census. Here where the hall turns and dives into utter darkness is a them. Rum and influence are whose father had busted up the house and put them on the street after The many philanthropic efforts that have been made in the last few The celestials do not monopolize the pipe. the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. containing between 60 and 80 tenants. all the prisons, hospitals, workhouses, and asylums in the charge of matter at what sacrifice of comfortone might almost say at whatever and similar grievous plagues of mankindis a distinctively Irish smell, offensive to the unfamiliar nose, does not bother them. nothing was said in the contract about either the safety or the comfort These alone constitute a large class of the women wage-earners, and it blood-thirsty as a tiger. regard to the backers interests. The utmost ingenuity cannot There is could work no longer. sorting out the bones, rags, tin cans and other waste that are found rent. The place their wives are on the other side yet, waiting for them to earn lest they dry and crack, from Friday to Friday, when an accounting is all the prisoners of the year, kept 485 saloons going in 1889. Jacob A Riis: Revealing New York's Other Half Educator Resource Guide: Lesson Plan 2 "beds," for it was only just past midnight.