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Analyze the consent statement that Henrietta signed on page 31. Chapter 32. What did she do instead? Explain the various ways in which both the scientific community and the media are guilty of having viewed Henrietta and her family as abstractions. The details were harrowing. The Lacks family often treats the HeLa cells as though they were Henrietta; they speak to them as though they can hear (such as in Chapter 32 when Deborah warms a vial of her mother's cells in her hands, saying that she's cold), they refer to them as having agency and thought, and so on. 2. Henrietta went to her house after radiation treatments at Johns Hopkins.Reverend James PullumDeborahs second ex-husband, a former steel-mill worker who became a preacherSadie SturdivantMargarets sister, Henriettas cousin and confidante, she supported Henrietta during her illness. Medical Records - MyMichigan Health Based on these results, did his hypothesis appear to be correct? Two courts later rule against the patients.2005 By this date, the U.S. government has issued patents relating to the use of about 20 percent of known human genes, including genes for Alzheimers, asthma, colon cancer, and, most famously, breast cancer.2006 An NIH researcher is charged with violating a federal conflict-of-interest law for providing thousands of tissue samples to the pharmaceutical company Pfizer in exchange for about half a million dollars.2009 The National Institutes of Health invests $13.5 million to develop a bank for fetal blood samples.2009 Parents in Minnesota and Texas sue to stop the nationwide practice of storing and conducting researchwithout consenton fetal blood samples, many of which can be traced back to the infants they came from.2009 More than 150,000 scientists join the American Civil Liberties Union and breast-cancer patients in suing Myriad Genetics over its breast-cancer gene patents. His research involved taking tissue samples from Henrietta and other cervical cancer patients at Johns Hopkins. Investigator and Author for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Struggling with distance learning? 5. Why do you think Deborah tells Skloot that she just witnessed a miracle? Albert Lacks Henriettas white great-grandfather. Zakariyya is quiet for much of the visit, but he thanks Lengauer and Rebecca before he leaves. 4. Deborah shifts between joy at finding out new information about her mother and panic at each new fact. She also explores the birth and life of the immortal cell line HeLa, and shows how research involving HeLa has changed the landscape of medical research, leading to not only scientific and medical breakthroughs, but also new and evolving policies concerning the rights of patients and research subjects. Deborah is devastated by the knowledge that her sister probably died alone and in pain, but tries to keep a brave face despite being near tears. What specific things did Deborah ask Skloot to promise she would do? Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Required fields are marked *. 3. 2. What does Lengauer believe about the Lackses right to be financially compensated for the sale of their mothers cells? Explain your answer. The HeLa line may not resemble Henrietta's physical body, but there are other Biblical passages (1 Corinthians 15:40) that explain that heavenly bodies given by God may not look like earthly bodies. Lengauer says he thinks Hopkins really screwed up the HeLa situation, and Deborah is surprised to hear a white person finally acknowledge this. 5. 10. Did the family give informed consent for the research done on those samples? WebCustom Content. Rebecca at last loses her cool, however, and this, surprisingly, makes Deborah relent. Directly after rebuking Deborah for her paranoia, Rebecca begins to learn more about its origins. What did Henriettas friends and family do when they found out that she needed blood? Lengauer answered many of their questions about Henriettas illness and cells. Do you agree with the courts ruling? In 1955, the facility was 800 patients over capacity. John Moore cancer patient who unsuccessfully sued his doctor and the regents of the University of California over the use of his cells to create the Mo cell line. Lacks He showed them the freezer where HeLa samples were kept and noted that the HeLa contamination seemed like poetic justice for sciences mistreatment of the Lacks family. Where did Southam find test subjects for his second research study? 8. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. 4. Why did Deborah choose not to request a copy of her mothers medical records? We are experiencing technical difficulties. Describe Deborah and Cheetahs marriage. Locations. One of the arguments against giving people legal ownership of their tissues is summarized in the following quote from David Korn, vice provost for research at Harvard University: I think people are morally obligated to allow their bits and pieces to be used to advance knowledge to help others. What was George Geys position at Johns Hopkins? The marriage was abusive and ended in divorce. Chapter Twenty: The HeLa Bomb 1. Christopher Lengauer cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins who helped develop FISH, a technique used to detect and identify DNA sequences, and who reached out to members of the Lacks family. Why did Deborah begin researching her mothers cells? From a single, abbreviated life grew a seemingly immortal line of cells that made some of the most crucial innovations in modern science possible. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% 7. She is a former vice president of the National Book Critics Circle, and has taught creative nonfiction and science journalism at the University of Memphis, the University of Pittsburgh, and New York University. 3. 5. Your email address will not be published. GradeSaver, 23 March 2017 Web. Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Chapter Eleven: The Devil of Pain Itself 1. Summarize John Moores story. 12. 7. What did Mary, Geys assistant, realize when she saw Henriettas painted toenails? Lacks By clicking Sign Up, I acknowledge that I have read and agree to Penguin Random House's Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and understand that Penguin Random House collects certain categories of personal information for the purposes listed in that policy, discloses, sells, or shares certain personal information and retains personal information in accordance with the policy. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Want 100 or more? Shortform has the world's best summaries of books you should be reading. Paraphrase the information on page 50 describing the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. What do the contents of the apartment tell you about his life and personality? Explain how a neutralization test is used to determine a vaccines efficacy. Chapter Twenty-Nine: A Village of Henriettas 1. Victor McKusick geneticist at Johns Hopkins who conducted research on samples taken from Henriettas children without informed consent to learn more about HeLa cells. 4. Compare the medical terms describing Elsies condition with the terms used by Henriettas friends and family. 5. Direct students to carefully examine the endnotes and foreword of the book, and discuss the specific steps and sources that the author used to ensure that the narrative account of Henriettas life is factual and accurate. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks - eNotes 2. 6. 8. Henriettas cousin says that Henrietta was tryin to tell us somethin with that storm. What do you think she could have been trying to say? What are the risks and benefits of allowing profit to guide research? About the Guide The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks contains three main narratives, each with unique applications to the disciplines of language arts, history, and science. He was the first journalist to contact the Lackses.Sir Lord Keenan Kester Cofieldattempted to sue Johns Hopkins and the Lacks familyTed Slavina hemophiliac whose doctor told him his cells were valuable. The photograph, in contrast to Elsies childhood photos, was horrific, and showed that Elsie clearly suffered neglect. Based on this statement, do you believe TeLinde and Guy had the right to obtain a sample from her cervix to use in their research? Why do you think she was so protective of this information? After Deborah told him about Elsiethat people thought she was disabled but that Deborah suspected she was just deafLurz rose and went to a storage cabinet. title Negro American Literature Forum and for the next fifteen years One of the important issues raised by Skloots book is the ethics of journalism. Analyze the last paragraphs of this chapter. As Skloot, Deborah, and Lurz were reading the report, a man burst into the room and questioned them. What does this request tell you about her? Why did they respond this way? 3. Who were the test subjects in Southams first study? Her little great-grandchild will also understand, and so will all of her siblings. As a result, this guide is structured to provide discussion and writing activities that will engage students in researching, reading, and writing across the curriculum. What does the juxtaposition of these two projects reveal about race relations in the early 1950s? 2. The suit claims that the practice of gene patenting violates patent law and has inhibited scientific research. While most accounts suggest that Henrietta never met George Gey or knew about HeLa, Laure Aurelian says that Gey recounted meeting with Henrietta before her death. Days health had deteriorated too much to make the trip, Sonny had to work, and Lawrence still wanted to sue Hopkins. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Explain the significance of the gift that Skloot delivered to Deborah at their first meeting. Analyze the cultural and historic events that have influenced, or would influence, these interpretations. He became known as a vigilante. Chapter Nineteen: The Most Critical Time on This Earth is Now 1. With warehouses on three continents, worldwide sales representation, and a robust digital publishing program, the Books Division connects Hopkins authors to scholars, experts, and educational and research institutions around the world. Chapter Two: Clover 1. Please wait while we process your payment. 3. 8. Explain the meaning of the idiom the other side of the tracks. 2. After finding out that his cancer was terminal, what reason did Gey give for his decision to offer himself as a research subject? 3. Eliza Lacks Why did the fact that HeLa cells are malignant make them particularly useful in the study of viruses? What does Deborahs comment to Lurz that if you gonna go into history, you cant do it with a hate attitude tell you about the type of person she is? Does Deborah agree with him? Mary Kubicek George Geys lab assistant who cultured HeLa cells for the first time. Deborah and Zakariyya accompanied Skloot to visit Lengauer at Hopkins in order to see the HeLa cells. How did this abuse affect him? What were the results of his actions? Elsie Lacks 7. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Analyze the ways in which Skloots style exemplifies the writers rule of show, dont tell as she develops the characters of Henrietta, Deborah, George Gey, or other key figures in the book. WebMedical records are maintained by Health Information Management (HIM) at MyMichigan Health. 6. 6. How can you tell that Elsies photograph and autopsy are deeply troubling to Deborah? How did the public respond to the idea of cell hybrids? WebElsie was institutionalized at Crownsville Hospital in Maryland and died in 1955. Why do you think she responds this way? Rebecca finds one record from shortly before Henrietta gave birth to Deborah; the doctor says her cervix looked healthy then. Do you believe Gey was disrespectful? What did HeLa allow scientists to do for the first time? What does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks? Reports of patient abuse and neglect first began to surface in the 1890s. 4. 10. He became known as a vigilante. 4. How have laws regarding medical privacy changed since the early 1980s? She and Henrietta sometimes sneaked out to go dancing. This institution was opened as an insane asylum in 1878, and was closed to patients in 1992. In Elsie's medical record is a photo of her looking unkempt and crying, which a white woman's hand around her throat. Summarize the events in Deborahs life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. What do the names of the creek and the river suggest about life in Lacks Town? How old was Henrietta when she had her first child with Day? A lay preacher, he performed a faith healing on Deborah. 7. The Lacks family suffers a number of deaths and misfortunes. Why do you think Henrietta initially chose not to tell people about her cancer diagnosis? Skloot uses vivid imagery and details to describe Henriettas childhood in Clover. Why is the publication of this information troubling from an ethical and legal standpoint? Analyze the books structure by comparing it to a work of fiction or a film that uses the structure of a frame narrative. She was institutionalized due to epilepsy and died at age fifteen. What string of events in 2009 suggests that, if Skloot had not begun researching Henriettas story a decade earlier, it may have been lost forever? 6. Who is Franklin Salisbury Jr., and why did he contact Deborah? Chapter Fifteen: Too Young to Remember 1. You can view our. Elsie lacks X-rays show a massive inoperable tumor in her pelvis. Central to this narrative is the relationship between Skloot and Deborah. How do you think public interpretation might have been different if the story had been published at the time of Henriettas death in 1951? 2. What did Deborah hope would happen as a result of Skloots research about Henrietta? Explain the contribution that HeLa made to the emerging field of genetics. The institution where Elsie lived most of her life, the Hospital for the Negro Insane, was now the Crownsville Hospital Center, a state-of-the-art medical facility. Stewart, Amber. 7. Douglas Bez, DO | McLaren Physician Directory Not affiliated with Harvard College. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks essays are academic essays for citation. From a scientific perspective, it seems peculiar to think of the cells as human, since they cannot see or think or feel. Henry County Schools (one code per order). What was the result of Southams first research study? 13. 12. 3. 3. 4. Soon to be made into an HBO movie by Oprah Winfrey and Alan Ball, this New York Times bestseller takes readers on an extraordinary journey, from the colored ward of Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1950s to stark white laboratories with freezers filled with HeLa cells, from Henriettas small, dying hometown of Clover, Virginia, to East Baltimore today, where her children and grandchildren live and struggle with the legacy of her cells. 5. Subscribe now. Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text. What is mitosis? Just for joining youll get personalized recommendations on your dashboard daily and features only for members. What did Howard Jones realize when he reviewed Henriettas medical records? They were unable to find Elsie Lacks medical records there. Alfred Jr. Deborah and Cheetahs firstborn child and little Alfreds father. What is ironic about his participation in these studies? Analyze Johns Hopkinss official response to Wyches letter. literature, theatre, film, the visual arts, and culture generally; Chapter Thirty-Three: The Hospital for the Negro Insane 1. Until this point, all of Geys attempts to grow a human cell line had ended in failure, but Henriettas cells were different: they never died. 2. What do these similes suggest about biology? Chapter Twenty-One: Night Doctors 1. What did some family members think was the real reason Ethel moved in? As a high school student, Skloot began researching HeLa cells to find out more about Henrietta Lacks. 5. Despite the previous touching moment of friendship between Rebecca and Deborah, it quickly becomes clear that Deborahs paranoia has not disappeared overnight. Why Different Societies Have Different Moral Codes | Shortform Books Her autopsy report reveals that she spent five years at the hospital and died from internal bleeding from self-induced vomiting. Journalists and OthersCourtney Mama Speed resident of Turner Station and owner of Speeds Grocery. 12. What information about her mother was Deborah unwilling to share with Skloot? (including. He also tells Deborah that her mother's cancer was caused by a virus, so she is unlikely to develop the same disease herself. 13. Galen Henriettas cousin. Explain how Davons heroic actions saved Deborahs life. Why do you think Skloot chose this title? In what specific ways do you think that learning of HeLa soon after Henriettas death might have changed her family members lives? You can opt-out of the sale or sharing of personal information anytime. Describe Rogerss interaction with the Lacks family. According to Henriettas cousin Cliff, what is beautiful about the idea of slaveowning white Lackses being buried under their black kin? What is Lengauers attitude toward the HeLa contamination problem? 2. 4. WebIn Elsie's medical record is a photo of her looking unkempt and crying, which a white woman's hand around her throat. 9. How does this choice impact the readers experience of the story? Chapter Fourteen: Helen Lane 1. 7. 6. What important information did Henriettas doctor fail to give her before starting her cancer treatment? Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. The reason for Deborah's erratic behavior during her trip with Rebeccca becomes clear when her doctor diagnoses her with extremely high blood pressure and high blood sugar. How does Skloot proceed with her research when it becomes clear that Sonny Lacks is not going to meet with her? 8. Chapter 37. Teachers and parents! Describe the experiment that Southam developed to test his hypothesis about HeLa. Paraphrase the paragraph in Rogerss article that the Lacks family found extremely upsetting. What is spontaneous transformation? 12. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Discuss the differences between creative nonfiction and traditional journalism. Using the book as a guide, describe the process of scientific inquiry. 2. Why did Ted Slavin start Essential Biologicals? What do you think of the connection between patient abuse and haunted hospitals? For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions What does Skloot reveal by ending the chapter with Hsus request? When they stop for the night, Deborah says that she's finally ready to show Rebecca her mother's medical records. Deborah presented documents proving she was a relative of Elsies and had a right to view Elsie Lacks medical records. The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. 4. 5. Culture . 9. How has fear or lack of understanding influenced public policy relating to science? Describe Keenan Kester Cofield. Her investigation of the true story behind HeLa eventually led her to form significantand in some cases, life-changingrelationships with the surviving members of the Lacks family, especially Henriettas daughter, Deborah. She died when Henrietta was four. Her work has been anthologized in several collections, including The Best Creative Nonfiction. 7. Review the notes on Henriettas medical history found on page 16. for a group? Renews May 8, 2023 What does the use of the term a miserable specimen by Henriettas doctors reveal about their attitude toward her? WebElsie Lacks family sent her to Crownsville (formerly known as the Hospital for the Negro Insane) after it became impossible to keep her safe and healthy at home. Deborah ends up leaving her husband and moving into her own apartment in an assisted living facility. 8. Lacks was summarily hospitalized and received a round of brachytherapy, a radiation treatment that involves physically inserting radium tubes into the cancerous area. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. A lay preacher, he performed a faith healing on Deborah.LaTonyaDeborah and Cheetahs second child; Davons motherLittle AlfredDeborahs grandsonMargaret SturdivantHenriettas cousin and confidante. The next day, Skloot and Deborah went to Crownsville to see if they could find any record of what happened to Elsie.